How do I know if I have foot fungus and how can it be cured?

Summer is undoubtedly synonymous with beaches, swimming pools and sunbathing. However, those conditions that we find so pleasant also facilitate the appearance of an unwanted but common guest: fungal infections affecting our feet. Rising temperatures, persistent humidity and direct contact with contaminated surfaces create the perfect environment for fungi to thrive. Although often unnoticed in their early stages, these infections can become persistent and difficult to eradicate if not treated soon enough. 

Fungal infections in summer 

One of the most common infections at this time of year is popularly known as athlete's foot. Despite its name, it is not limited to sports: anyone exposed to humidity and sustained heat can develop it. This type of fungal infection is caused by dermatophytes, a class of fungi that feed on keratin, a protein found in the skin and nails. In its early stages, it usually manifests as localised itching, redness or scaling between the toes, but if not treated properly, it can spread to the sole and sides of feet, leading to cracking, inflammation and even secondary bacterial infections. 

Another common infection in the warmer months is onychomycosis or fungal infection of the nails, a condition that can cause progressive deterioration of the nails, particularly toenails. Also caused by dermatophytes, this infection is characterised by nails that change colour, thickness or become brittle, and can occur at the same time as athlete's foot. Although in most cases it is painless, its progression is usually slow but steady.  

How can I identify if I have foot fungus?  

The presence of foot fungus usually presents with visible signs and a characteristic discomfort that should not be overlooked. In the early stages, it is common to see scaling or small cracks between the toes. As the infection progresses, blisters, redness, local inflammation and a persistent itching, burning or stinging sensation may appear. When the infection affects the nails, as in onychomycosis, symptoms include progressive thickening of the nail plate, discolouration (nails may turn yellowish, whitish or brownish), increased brittleness and, in some cases, partial detachment of the nail and a bad smell. Spotting these signs early enables early diagnosis and improves the effectiveness of treatment. 

How can fungal infections be cured? 

At soon as the first signs of fungal infection are spotted, it is essential to act quickly to prevent spreading. Proper daily foot hygiene is key: feet should be washed with soap and water and dried carefully, paying particular attention to the area between the toes, where moisture tends to accumulate. 

Whenever possible, open shoes are recommended as the best option. If closed shoes are used, it is important to ensure that they are breathable. Furthermore, cotton socks should be worn and changed frequently to keep the foot dry and fresh. 

If necessary, and always with a prescription, topical antifungal treatments in cream or powder form can be applied. The most common and effective active ingredients include miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine or tolnaftate. 

Ultimately, during the summer, the risk of infection increases greatly due to everyday habits such as walking barefoot in public wet areas -showers, swimming pools, changing rooms or spas- or sharing personal items such as towels or footwear. Therefore, maintaining rigorous hygiene, drying feet thoroughly (particularly between the toes), wearing breathable footwear and using shower shoes in shared facilities are essential measures to keep these unwanted guests away.