Animal bites: a quick guide to how to act correctly

Summer increases the risk of being bitten, and it is essential not to underestimate any wound, no matter how small it may seem.

BY compartir | 07 July 2025

With the arrival of the summer, outdoor activities, travelling and contact with nature are all elements become more frequent. All of this increases the possibilities of coming into contact with animals, both domestic and wild, therefore raising the risk of being bitten. Although often these are surface wounds, some can have serious consequences, particularly if they affect sensitive areas such as the face, hands or joints, if the animal is sick or the bite is by a wild animal, of if the wound becomes infected.

Additionally, a bite can be a means of spreading infectious diseases. In wild or countryside contexts – particularly if we travel abroad, the risk of infection rises. Amongst the most concerning diseases are rabies (endemic in several countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America), tetanus and different bacterial infections (such as Pasteurella, Capnocytophaga or Staphylococcus). In tropical regions, some rodents or bats may also be vectors for uncommon viruses, but which are potentially dangerous. It is essential, therefore, to not underestimate any bite, however small or unimportant it might seem.

Steps to follow after being bitten

Wash the wounds immediately with soap and water for at least 5 minutes. This simple action can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Avoid using aggressive disinfectants such as alcohol or iodine directly on deep open wounds.
Control the bleeding by pressing the wound with a clean gauze or sterile cloth. If the bleeding is heavy or it does not stop after 10 minutes, seek medical help urgently.
Do not close the wound yourself. Except when indicated by a doctor, bites are usually left open to drain any possible bacteria.
Consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible, particularly if:

The animal that has bitten you is not known, is wild or a stray.
The bite is deep, on the face, hands or close to joints.
You are in a country where there is a risk of rabies.
You do not remember whether you are vaccinated against tetanus.

Treatment. After medical evaluation, you might be prescribed a post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies, a booster jab of tetanus or preventive antibiotics.