How to treat a summer cold

Colds in winter are a common health issue caused by temperature fluctuations and exposure to respiratory viruses. In general, symptoms improve with rest, good hydration and, in some cases, medication to relieve discomfort. But what happens when we catch a summer cold?

Although it may seem uncommon, some people experience nasal congestion, a cough and a fever during the hottest months of the year. And precisely because these symptoms are usually associated with cold weather, many people are unsure how to deal with a cold at this time of year.

Why can we catch a cold in summer?

Summer and winter are two very different seasons, but colds in both periods share the same cause: respiratory viruses. In fact, there are more than 200 viral agents capable of causing the characteristic symptoms of the common cold, although most circulate during the colder months. However, some can also survive at high temperatures.

In addition, an article published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) points out that summer colds may be caused by viruses other than those that predominate in winter, such as non-polio enteroviruses. This group of viruses is commonly found alongside rhinoviruses, which are considered the main cause of the common cold. They usually produce symptoms similar to those of a cold, although they can also cause sudden fever and gastrointestinal problems.

Symptoms and Duration

In general, a cold has an incubation period of up to three days after infection. Symptoms usually develop gradually and, in most cases, disappear within a week. Some of the most common signs include:

• Nasal congestion or a runny nose
• Sneezing
• Coughing
• A sore throat or throat irritation
• Headaches and mild body aches
• Fever, in some cases

Both in winter and summer, the common cold is a mild infection that usually resolves on its own and therefore does not normally require medical attention. If complications arise or symptoms worsen, it is advisable to seek advice from a healthcare professional.

The Air Conditioning Dilemma

Up to 20% of cold-like illnesses or respiratory tract conditions are linked to the improper use of air conditioning systems. This has been highlighted by the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR).

One reason is that the cooling process reduces humidity levels in the air. This can cause dryness in the nasal mucosa and respiratory tract, as well as inflammation and discomfort in the nose and throat.

So, can air conditioning be used safely? The answer is yes, although it is advisable to take precautions to avoid catching a cold in summer. Avoiding direct airflow, moderating the use of these systems and carrying out proper maintenance of the filters can, for example, reduce respiratory discomfort and the risk of infection.

How to Relieve a Summer Cold

Many of the measures used to relieve a winter cold can also be applied in summer, although some are especially recommended because of the heat:

• Get plenty of rest: it is essential for recovery. Getting enough sleep and reducing physical activity for a few days helps the body fight the infection.
• Stay well hydrated: helps prevent dehydration and soothes throat irritation.
• Avoid sudden temperature changes: especially those caused by air conditioning, as they contribute to dryness in the respiratory tract.
• Ventilate the room:  helps renew the air and prevents the concentration of viruses in enclosed spaces.

In short, catching a summer cold is a common but often unexpected occurrence for many people, as this type of infection is usually associated with the colder months. Specialists recommend prevention as the best strategy to reduce the risk of catching a cold in summer.