Woman with stomach discomfort. Gastroenteritis.

How should we act in the case of gastroenteritis?

The effects of gastroenteritis can be very uncomfortable and weakening. Follow these recommendations to alleviate the symptoms and get back to normal as quick as possible.

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, usually of the stomach and the intestines. Its main symptoms are diarrhoea (when accompanied by blood it may be indicative of a bacterial infection), high temperature, dehydration, persistent vomiting and abdominal pain, which can persist for up to seven days in some cases, or it can get better in just 24-48 hours, according to the origin of the illness.

Viral infections: These are the most frequent cause, with the norovirus in adults standing out.
Bacterial infections: Some of the most usual ones are Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter and Shigella. They can be contracted through food poisoning.
Parasites: These are frequent in regions with bad healthcare conditions and food contamination. The best known ones are Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium.
Other causes: Some inflammatory diseases (such as ulcerative colitis), food intolerances (to lactose, for example) or the reaction to some drugs can also cause these symptoms.

Recommendations for gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting, but its effects can be very uncomfortable and weakening. Follow these recommendations to alleviate the symptoms and get back to normal as quick as possible.

Constant hydration: Take little sips of water, infusions and broths. Avoid drinks containing caffeine, soft drinks with large amounts of sugar or alcohol.
A progressive diet: Introduce mild foods little by little. First, clear liquids; then foods such as rice, toast, boiled potatoes, blue fish… Avoid dairy products and very fatty foods.
Adequate rest: Feeling completely washed out is normal. Rest will help the body to invest energy in fighting the infection.
Hygiene: Disinfect the surfaces and avoid sharing utensils with other people to avoid any possible contagions. Wash your hands thoroughly after going to the toilet.
Medication: Avoid self-medicating, particularly in the case of antibiotics, which can produce resistances and anti-diarrheal medicines, which can be counterproductive in cases of bacterial infection.